CHAPTER 19: OUTSOURCING IN THE 21th CENTURY

Outsourcing Projects

-Insourcing (in-house-development) is a common approach using the professional expertise within an organization to develop and maintain the organization's information technology systems.

-outsourcing is an arrangement by which one organization provides a service or services for another organization that chooses not to perform them in-house.

-onshore outsourcing is engaging another company within the same country for services.

-nearshore outsourcing is contracting an outsourcing arrangement with a company in a nearby country.

-offshore outsourcing is using organizations from developing countries to write code and develop systems.

Outsourcing Benefits

i) includes:

• increased quality and efficiency
• reduced operating expenses
• outsourcing non-core process
• reduced exposure to risk
• economies of scale, expertise, and best practices
• access to advanced technologies
• increased flexibility
• avoid costly outlay of capital funds
• reduced headcount and associated overhead expense
• reduced time to market for products or services

ii) outsourcing challenges include:

- contract length

• difficulties in getting out of a contract
• problems in foreseeing future needs
• problems in reforming an internal IT department after the contract is finished

-competitive edge

-confidentiality

-scope definition

CHAPTER 15: CREATING COLLABORATIVE PARTNERSHIPS

Teams , Partnerships, and Alliances

- organizations create and use teams, partnerships, and alliances to:

• undertake new initiatives
• address both minor and major problems
• capitalize on significant opportunities

-organizations create teams, partnerships and alliances both internally with employees and externally with other organizations.

-collaboration system is to support the work of teams by facilitating the sharing and flow of information.

-core competency is an organization's key strength, a business function that it does better than any of its competitors.

-core competency strategy is organization chooses to focus specifically on its core competency and forms partnerships with other organizations to handle nonstrategic business processes.

-information partnerships occurs when two or more organizations cooperate by integrating their IT systems, thereby providing customers with the best of what each can offer.

Collaboration Systems

- an IT-based set of tools that supports the work of teams by facilitating the sharing and flow of information.

categories:

- unstructured collaboration (information collaboration)

-structured collaboration (process collaboration)

Explicit and Tacit Knowledge

-explicit consists of anything that can be documented, archived, and codified, often with the help of IT.

-tacit is knowledge contained in people's head.

Content Management

- provides tools to manage the creation, storage, editing, and publication of information in a collaborative environment.

Working Wikis

-wikis is web-based tools to make it easy for users to add, remove and change online.

Workflow Management Systems

-workflow defines all the steps or business rules, from beginning to end, required for a business process.

-workflow management system is facilitates the automation and management of business processes and controls the movement of work through the business process.

Groupware Systems 

-groupware is software that supports team interaction and dynamics including calendaring, scheduling and videoconferencing.

CHAPTER 12: INTEGRATING THE ORGANIZATION FROM END TO END - ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

at the heart of all ERP systems is a database, when a user enters or updates information in one module, it is immediately and automatically updated throughout the entire system.

Bringing the Organization Together

ERP - bringing the organization together.

Integrating SCM, CRM, And ERP

• SCM, CRM and ERP are the backbone of e-business.
• integration of these application is the key to success for many companies.
• integration allows the unlocking of information to make it available to any user, anywhere, anytime.
• SCM and CRM market overviews.
• general audience and purpose of SCM, CRM and ERP.

Integration Tools

many companies purchase modules from an ERP vendor, an SCM vendor, and a CRM vendor and must integrate the different modules together.

• Middleware - several different types of software which sit in the middle of and provide connectivity between two or more software applications.
• Enterprise application integration (EAI) middleware - packages together commonly used functionally which reduced the time necessary to develop solutions that integrate applications from multiple vendors.
• Data points where SCM, CRM and ERP integrate.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

ERP systems must integrate various organization processes and be:

- flexible

-modular and open

-comprehensive

-beyond the company

SAP boasts 20,000 installations and 10 million users worldwide.

ERP solutions are growing because:

- ERP is a logical solution to the mess of incompatible applications that had sprung up in most businesses.

- ERP addresses the need for global information sharing and reporting.

- ERP is used to avoid the pain and expense of fixinf legacy systems.

CHAPTER 11: BUILDING A CUSTOMER-CENTRIC ORGANIZATION - CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) :

- provide better customer service
- make call centers more, efficient
- cross sell products more effectively
- help sales staff close deals faster

The Evolution of CRM : 

Customer Relationship Management's Explosive Growth : 

 CRM business driven

Using Analytical CRM to Enhance Decisions : 

Operational CRM - supports traditional transactional processing for day-to-day front-office operations or systems that deal directly with the customers.

Analytical CRM - supports back-office operations and strategic analysis and includes all systems that do not deal directly with the customers.

the ends..!!! yeayyyyy

:D

CHAPTER 10: EXTENDING THE ORGANIZATION - SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Basics of Supply Chain : 

organizations must embrace technologies that can effectively manage supply chains.

Information Technology's Role In The Supply Chain : 

IT's primary role is to create integrations or tight process and information linkages between functions within a firm.

factors driving SCM

Visibility :

 supply chain visibility is the ability to view all areas up and down the supply chain.

bullwhip effect occurs when distorted product demand information passes from one entity to the next throughout the supply chain.

Competition : 

supply chain planning (SCP) software - uses advanced mathematical algorithms to improve the flow and efficiency of the supply chain.

supply chain execution (SCE) software - automates the different steps and stages of the supply chain.

ok that all fr0m chapter 10.hehehee :)

see next slot.huu

Assalamualaikum..!!

CHAPTER 9: ENABLING THE ORGANIZATIONAL - DECISION MAKING

Assalamualaikum dan selamat petang...!!! :)

orite t0day i want t0 write a note about chapter 9. it is to Enabling the Organization - Decision Making.

Decision Making :

Reasons for growth of Decision Making information :

• people need to analyze large amount of information
• people must make decisions quickly.
• people must apply sophisticated analysis techniques, such as modeling and foracasting to make good decisions.
• people must protect the corporate asset of organizational information.

Model : a simplified representation or abstraction of reality. And IT systems in an enterprise.

Transaction Processing Systems : 

Moving up through the organizational pyramid users move from requiring transactional information to analytical information.

transaction processing systems is the basic business systems that serves the operational level (analysis) in an organization.

Decision Support Systems : 

is the models information to support managers and business professionals during the decision-making process.

Executive Information Systems : 

is a specialized DSS that support senior level executives within the organization.

Digital Dashboard : integrates information from multiple components and present it in a unified display.

Artificial Intelligence : 

Intelligence systems is various commercial applications of artificial intelligence.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is simulates human intelligence such as the ability to reason and learn.

4 categories of AI : expert system, neural network, genetic algorithm and intelligent agent.

Data Mining : 

Data minign software includes many forms of AI such as neural networks and expert systems.

ends from chapter 9.

Alhamdulillah

thank y0u. :)

CHAPTER 8: ACCESSING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION - DATA WAREHOUSE

Assalamualaikum smua... :D
t0day i want t0 write about chapter 8. it is Accessing Organizational Information - Data Warehouse.

In this chapter i learn about the roles, purposes, the relationship between business intelligence and a data warehouse and etc. ok i will write what i understands in this chapter. :)

Data Warehouse Fundamentals :

• Data warehouse - a logical collection of information -gathered from many different operational databases -that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks.
• primary purpose of a data warehouse is to aggregate information throughout an organization into a single repository decision-making purposes.
• Extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL) - a process that extracts information from internal and external databases, transform the information using a common set of interprise definitions, and loads the information into a data warehouse.
• Data mart - contains a subset of data warehouse information.

Multidimensional Analysis and Data Mining : 

• cube - common term for the representation of multidimensional information.

• data mining - the process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone.
• data-mining tool - uses a variety of techniques to find patterns and relationships in large volumes of information and infers rules that predict future behavior and guide decision making.

Information Cleansing or Scrubbing : 

• is a process that weeds out and fixes or discards inconsistent, incorrect, or incomplete information.

Business Intelligence : 

• information that people use to support their decision-making efforts.
• principle BI enablers includes - technology, people and culture. 

ok that all fr0m me t0day.. bye u all.

g0od nite. . . :)

CHAPTER 7: STORING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION - DATABASE

Assalamualaikum...!!!
apa khabar my follower smua?? hrp anda smuadlm keadaan baik dan diredhai Allah SWT.

ok la ari ni i just want t0 share with u all ab0ut chapter 7 fr0m IT subject. this t0pic tell ab0ut the Storing Organizational Information - Database. i h0pe u will understand when u read this t0pic... :)

Database :

• maintains information about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouse).

Database models : 

• Hierarchical database model - information is organized into a tree-like structure (using parent/child relationship) in such a way that it cannot have too many relationship.
• Network database model - a flexible way of representing objects and their relationships.
• Relational database model - stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables.

Entities and Attributes : 

• entities is a person, place, thing, transaction, or event about which information is stored. - the rows, in each table contain the entities.
• attributes (fields, columns) is characteristics or properties of an entity class. - the columns in each table contain the attributes. 

Keys and Relationship : 

• Primary key - a field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table.
• Foreign key - a primary key of one table that appears an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship among the two tables.

Relational Database Advantages : 

1. Increased flexibility - a well-designed database should handle changes quickly and easily and provide users with different view.
2. Increased scalability performance - scalability refers to how well a system can adapt to increase demands. And performance is to measures how quickly a system performs a certain process or transaction.
3. Reduced information redundancy - redundancy is the duplication of information or storing the same information in multiple places.
4. Increased information integrity (quality) - information integrity is to measures the quality of information. And the integrity constraint is the rules that help ensure the quality of information. > relational integrity constraint and business-critical integrity constraint.
5. Increased information security - password provides authentication of the user, access level determines who has access to the different types of information, and access control determines types of user access, such as read-only access. 

Database Management Systems :

- software through which users and application programs interact with a database.

Database-Driven Websites : 

- an interactive website kept constantly updated and relevant to the needs of its customers through the use of a database.

Integrating Information among Multiple Databases : 

• Integration is allows separate systems to communicate directly with each other. there has two ways is -forwards integration is takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all downstream systems and processes. then, backward integration is takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all upstream systems and processes.

ok la, that all for t0day.. go0d bye. see u next time.. :p

VCO...!!!!!

Assalamualaikum dan halluu...!!!

apa khabar anda smua? ok la. ari ni sy nk b'crite ckit psl VCO ( Virgin Coconut Oil). apakah itu?? msti anda t'tnye for those yg x thu la.hehhehe.. yg dh thu tu xpew la. kt cni yg nk share ckit tntng dye punye kelebhn, kebaikan, segala ke laa.. and lau nk 0rder pon blh la inf0rm kt sy. my sis also as a dealer for this product.hehehe :p

gmbr kt ats tu la VCO. ianya merupakan one of the food supplement and it's has many function towards our body. 

i will show u the function and nutritional of the supplement.. :)

ianya adalah pr0duct keluaran catalyst.

Untuk kegunaan luaran :

1 . Dapat membantu mengurangkan berat badan
2 . Menghasilkan tenaga segera & sentiasa segar
3 . Melembut dan mengurangkan kekeringan dan kekenduran kulit

4 . Sangat bagus untuk masalah jerawat & jeragat serta parut2 lama
5 . Mengatasi masalah kulit berminyak
6 . Mengatasi masalah sakit kulit pada kemaluan (masalah keputihan)
7. Menghilangkan panau/ strechmark sebelum/selepas bersalin
8. Mendapatkan berat badan ideal bagi org yang sangat kurus
9. Melebatkan dan Mempercepatkan pertumbuhan rambut.
10. Menghilangkan kelelmumur/ gatal2 dikepala/ rambur gugur.
11. Boleh sapu di di bekas-bekas jerawat / luka / melecur / ruam

Untuk kegunaan dalaman :
1 . Mencegah risiko penyakit jantung & kadar kolestrol yg tinggi
2 . Memperbaiki pencernaan dan penyerapan vitamin dan asid amino
3 . Melegakan pernafasan
4 . Melawaskan pembuangan air besar dan air kecil
5 . Mengurangkan keadaan mudah lapar
6 . Melancarkan kitaran haid & menyeimbangkan hormon
7 . Sebagai agen pelincir dalam hubungan suami-isteri
8 . Memperbaiki kandungan asid dalam rahim
9 . Mengekalkan kesuburan bagi kaum lelaki/wanita terutamanya yang telah berkahwin
10 . Amat baik bagi mengatasi masalah MONOPOS bagi kaum wanita (memperlambatkan proses)
11. Menghilangkan masalah sengugut
12. Sebagai Milk booster (membanyakkan susu ibu )
13. Kandungan Asid Laurik dalam VCO sangat baik untuk mencegah virus dan bakteria untuk menyerang ibu dan anak
14 .Memudahkan bersalin (pengambilan minyak kelapa merupakan antara petua untuk memudahkan proses kelahiran. Ia juga boleh mengelakkan jaundice kepada baby.
15. meningkatkan tenaga dan daya tahan fizikal dan mental
16. melancarkan sekresi insulin dan pengaliran glukosa darah serta mengurangkan risiko diabetes
17. mengurangkan stress pada pankreas dan sistem-sistem enzim dalam tubuh
18. meningkatkan penyerapan kalsium dan magnesium untuk tulang dan gigi yang kuat.
19. melindungi diri dari serangan osteoprosis (proses pereputan tulang)
20. mencegah risiko sakit jantung
21. mencegah atherosclerosis (penyempitan saluran darah akibat lemak terkumpul) dan strok
22. membantu menurunkan tekanan darah tinggi.

banyak kan dye punye kebaikan?? this supplement sesuai kpd pelbagai peringkt umr, x kire la yg tua, atau yg mude. ianya sngt baik utk tubuh bdn kite. 

s0, ape tnggu lgi. j0m la pakat2 kte mkan supplement ni.hehehe (just kidding) :)

ok smua. selamat beramal...!!!! :)

Assalamualaikum...

CHAPTER 6: VALUING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION

Hellooo again...!!!!
ok, this time want to share with you all ab0ut chapter 6 (Valuing Organizational Information). Hope ur enj0yyy it..hehehheee :p

i) Organizational Information

• everywhere in an organization.
• employees must be able to obtain and analyze the many different levels, formats, and granulities of organizational information to make decision.

ii) The Value of Timely Information

• Real-time information - immediate, up-to-date information.
• Real-time-system - provides real-time information in response to query requests.

iii) The Value of Quality Information

• Characteristics of high-quality information:
• > ACCURACY - are all the values correct? example, is the name spelled correctly?
• > COMPLETENESS - are any of the values missing? example, is the address complete including street, city, state, and zip code?
• > CONSISTENCY - is aggregate or summary information in agreement with detailed information?
• > UNIQUENESS - is each transaction, entity, and event represented only once in the information?
• > TIMELINESS - is the information current with respect to the business requirement? example, is information updated weekly, daily or hourly? 

CHAPTER 5: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE THAT SUPPORT STRATEGIC INITIATIVES

Assalamualaikum...
Dah lme x jmpe kan???hehehee.. s0ri la lmbt update. skrg kan musim rye s0, m0od rye still ade lgi ni. utk sebln la kirenye.hehehee.. bnyk sngt bnde nk kne catch up blek ni. s0, j0m ari ni learn with me ab0ut chpter 5 (Organizational Structure that Support Strategic Initiatives).

okey..!!!
i) IT Roles and Responsibilities.

• Chief Information Officer (CIO) - overseas all uses of IT and ensures the strategic alignment of IT with business goals and objectives.
• Chief Technology Officer (CTO) - responsible for ensuring the throughput, speed, accuracy, availability, and reliability of IT.
• Chief Security Officer (CSO) - responsible for ensuring the security of IT systems.
• Chief Privacy Officer (CPO) - responsible for ensuring the ethical and legal use of information.
• Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO) - responsible for collecting, maintaining, and distributing the organization's knowledge.

ii) The Gap Between Business Personnel and IT Personnel

• Business personnel possess expertise in functional areas such as marketing, accounting and sales.
• IT personnel have the technological expertise.
• This typically causes a communications gap between the business personnel and IT personnel.

iii) Improving Communications

• Seek to increase their understanding of IT.
• Seek to increase their understanding of the business.
• Responsibility of CIO to ensure effective communication between business personnel and IT personnel.

iv) Organizational Fundamentals - Ethics and Security

• Ethics and security are two fundamental building blocks that organizations must base their businesses on to be successful.
• ETHICS - principles and standards that guide our behavior towards other people.
• PRIVACY - right to be left alone when you want to be, to have control over your own personal possessions and not to be observed without your consent.